Wednesday, June 3, 2026

Transcreating Upadesa Sahasri Verse Chapter 10 dṛśi-svarūpa paramārtha-darśanam


1. 

The seer itself, sky-like and supreme;

ever-shining, changeless, one and unborn;

stainless, all-pervading, nondual:

I am that alone eternally released, om.


Introductions

In the post-war years, western and western-inspired scholarship, notably that of Paul Hacker and Sengaku Mayeda, has tended to show that the only surviving independent work that can with safety be ascribed to Śaṃkara is the Upadeśa Sāhasrī or Thousand Teachings in both its prose and verse parts—though it would be incautious to suppose that there was finality in this judgement...

The independent works other than the Upadeśa Sāhasrī are not safe guides to the doctrine of the historical Śaṃkara, while the Upadeśa Sāhasrī itself is. Hence its importance today as a relatively compact statement by Śaṃkara of his own view, eminently suitable as an introduction to the inherently more diffuse work of the commentaries...

It is, however, not certain that either the prose or the verse parts of the Upadeśa Sāhasrī originally constituted a unity. The whole work is very possibly a compilation of short pieces that originally stood on their own...

Of the verse part, Chapters I, XVII, XVIII and XIX appear from their dedicatory verses to have been separate works originally. Chapters II to XVI, also, are most probably a compilation of works that were originally separate, as it is hard to explain the fact that they stand in ascending order of length as being due to mere chance...

~Alston


The Upadesasahasri consists of two parts, one in verse and the other in prose. The verse or Metrical Part (Padyabandha) comprises nineteen chapters (prakarana). Manuscripts indicate that the two parts were regarded as independent works, as it were, and studied or commented upon separately. They also suggest the possibility that any single chapter could be selected, copied, and studied apart from the rest. This means that reading of the text may begin anywhere. 

~Mayeda







Upadesa Sahasri 10.1 Translations (wip)

dṛśi-svarūpaṃ gaganopaṃ param sakṛd-vibhātaṃ tv ajam ekam akṣaram alepakaṃ sarva-gataṃ yad advayam tad eva cāhaṃ satataṃ vimukta om 

That one without a second, consciousness in its true nature, space-like, transcendent, ever-shining, unborn, indestructible, taintless, omnipresent—that, verily, am I, ever liberated. OM. ~Alston

I am the supreme Brahman which is pure consciousness, always clearly manifest, unborn, one only, imperishable, unattached and all-pervading like the ether and non-dual. I am, therefore, ever-free. ~Jagadananda

The highest [Brahman]—which is of the nature of Seeing, like the sky, ever-shining, unborn, one alone, imperishable, stainless, all-pervading, and non-dual—That am I and I am forever released. Om. ~Mayeda

My nature is that of the seer, pure consciousness, the Supreme Brahman. I am ever shining, unborn and imperishable. Stainless, all-pervading and non-dual like space, I am that one, alone, constant and free. Om ~Denton

Word-by-Word Meaning
Line 1: dṛśi-svarūpaṃ gaganopaṃ param
  • dṛśi-svarūpam: of the nature of pure consciousness / seeing
  • gaganopamam: similar to space / sky (all-pervading and unblemished)
  • param: supreme / absolute
Line 2: sakṛd-vibhātaṃ tv ajam ekam akṣaram
  • sakṛd-vibhātam: ever-shining / eternally illumined
  • tu: indeed / verily
  • ajam: unborn
  • ekam: one / non-dual
  • akṣaram: imperishable / changeless
Line 3: alepakaṃ sarva-gataṃ yad advayam
  • alepakam: untainted / free from contact or stain
  • sarva-gatam: all-pervading / omnipresent
  • yat: which
  • advayam: non-dual / without a second
Line 4: tad eva cāhaṃ satataṃ vimukta om
  • tat: that
  • eva: alone / certainly
  • ca: and
  • aham: I am
  • satatam: eternally
  • vimuktam: liberated
  • om: the sacred syllable representing the absolute Reality
~Google search


The seer itself, sky-like and supreme;

ever-shining, changeless, one and unborn;

stainless, all-pervading, nondual:

I am that alone eternally released, om.



Tuesday, June 2, 2026

Transcreating Dakshinamurti 6 (wip)

rāhugrasta-divākarendu-sadṛśo māyā-samācchādanāt sanmātraḥ karaṇopasaṁharaṇato yo’bhūt-suṣuptaḥ pumān, prāg-asvāpsam-iti prabodha-samaye yaḥ pratyabhijñāyate tasmai śrī-guru-mūrtaye nama idaṁ śrī-dakṣiṇāmūrtaye. (6) राहुग्रस्तदिवाकरेन्दुसदृशः – like the sun or the moon during eclipse; मायासमाच्छादनात् – enveloped in māyā; सन्मात्रः – becomes Existence alone; करणोपसंहरणतः – on folding up all the functions of the senses; यः – He who; अभूत् – enters; सुषुप्तः – the state of deep sleep; पुमान् – Puruṣa; प्राक् – before; अस्वाप्सम् – well slept; इति – thus; प्रबोधसमये – on waking; यः – He who; प्रत्यभिज्ञायते – remembers; तस्मै – to Him; श्रीगुरुमूर्तये – divine Teacher; नमः –prostration; इदं – this; श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये – to Śrī Dakṣiṇāmūrti 

6. On folding up all the functions of the senses, He, who enters into a state of deep sleep and becomes there Existence alone, veiled in māyā, like, the sun or the moon during eclipse and who, on waking, remembers to have slept; to Him, the divine Teacher, Śrī Dakṣiṇāmūrti, is this prostration. ~Chinmayananda

To the self, who in sleep becomes pure Exis-tence, on the withdrawal of the veiling by mayā, like unto the sun or the moon, in eclipse, and on waking recognizes, I have slept till now to Him, of the form of the Preceptor, the blessed Dakshinamurti, may this obeisance be! ~Mahadevan

To the Atman who, going to sushupti on the withdrawal of sense-organs, becomes the One Existence, enshrouded by Mâyâ like unto the sun or moon in eclipse, and whose then existence is recognised on waking in the consciousness "I have slept till now;" to Him who is incarnate in the Teacher, to Him in the Effulgent Form Facing the South, to Him (Siva) be this bow! ~Sastri

The Ātman who, on the withdrawal of the sense organs, becomes the one existence and, shrouded by māyā like unto the sun or the moon in eclipse, and whose existence is recognized on waking in the Consciousness ‘I have slept till now’—to him who is incarnate in the guru, to him in the effulgent form facing the south, to him Shiva be this salutation. ~Sarvapriyananda

When the senses withdraw and a person goes into deep sleep then there is awareness of existence alone, just as the sun or moon is known to exist during an eclipse but cannot be seen, or as the glory of the Self is hidden beneath the covering veil of Māyā. At the time he awakens, he remembers himself and says ‘I slept well’. To that Self in the blessed guru and in the representation of wisdom facing south, humble veneration. ~Denton

Line 1
rāhu-grasta-divākarendu-sadṛśo māyā-samāchchādhanāt
  • rāhugrasta: swallowed by Rahu
  • divākara: the sun (divā = day, kara = maker)
  • indu: the moon
  • sadṛśo: similar to / like
  • māyā: of illusion / the veiling power of Maya
  • samāchchādhanāt: because of being covered or concealed
Meaning of Line 1: Just like the sun or the moon being swallowed by Rahu (during an eclipse), the true Self (Atman) appears lost because it is covered by the veil of illusion (Maya).
Line 2
sanmātraḥ karaṇopasaṁharaṇato yo’bhūt-suṣuptaḥ pumān
  • sanmātraḥ: remaining as pure existence (sat-mātraḥ)
  • karaṇa: the senses and the mind (internal and external instruments)
  • upasaṁharaṇato: due to the withdrawal of
  • yo’bhūt: who becomes (yaḥ + abhūt)
  • suṣuptaḥ: deeply asleep / in deep sleep state
  • pumān: the individual / the person
Meaning of Line 2: The individual, who during deep sleep becomes seemingly inert due to the withdrawal of all senses and mental functions, still remains as pure existence.
Line 3
prāg-asvāpsam-iti prabodha-samaye yaḥ pratyabhijñāyate
  • prāk: previously / before
  • asvāpsam: I slept
  • iti: thus
  • prabodha-samaye: at the time of waking up / realization
  • yaḥ: who
  • pratyabhijñāyate: is recognized / recalled 
Meaning of Line 3: Upon waking from deep sleep, the same person recognizes and recalls, "I slept until now."
Line 4
tasmai śrī-guru-mūrtaye nama idaṁ śrī-dakṣiṇāmūrtaye 
  • tasmai: to Him (that)
  • śrī-guru-mūrtaye: to the embodiment of the Guru / the divine teacher
  • nama: salutations / prostrations
  • idam: this
  • śrī-dakṣiṇāmūrtaye: to Sri Dakshinamurthy (the Lord facing South)

Meaning of Line 4: Salutations and this prostration are offered to Him, the embodiment of the Guru, who is Sri Dakshinamurthy.
~Google search


Saturday, May 30, 2026

Transcreating Dakshinamurti with Introductions, Note on Authorship, Bibliography, and Links to Selected Translations & Commentaries (a work in progress; 5 of 10 to date)

Not a translation but a transcreation. Link at number leads to page of translations and brief commentaries. Introductions, Note on Authorship, and Bibliography of English Translations follow the ten verses (shlokas).


1. The universe is wholly contained in one's own Self like a city seen in a standing sidewalk mirror.

Due to Maya, this inner universe appears to be externally manifested, like an inner world appearing to be an outer one while dreaming.

To the One who knows this at the time of awakening as one's nondual self, O to that divine teacher, the one who is facing south.


2. This universe was once a sprout inside a seed without any differentiation—until Maya

using concepts of space, time, and causation, imagines it to be a multiplicity of color and form

like a magician projecting its witchcraft, like a yogi directing its will.


3. To the one whose self-luminous light of existence shines forth

pervading this illusory material world with the Vedic affirmation of tattvamasi 

willing individuals to waken and realize and never return to an ocean of samsara.


4. Inside a vessel of many perforations is placed a great lamp, radiant and illuminating.

Awareness blazes outward via instruments of eyes and all the senses

through which it emanates forth. Thus I know, shining, that alone is illuminating the entire world.


5. Some believe in the body or the breath of life, the senses or the ever-changing intellect, or even the void of nonexistence.

There's the innocence of mother and child, the world of the blind and demented, or the philosopher's deep confusion.

Creation, energy, manifestation, projection, delusion: they're all meant for that great destroyer, Dakshinamurti.




Seven Introductions as Conclusions

As a terse expression of the fundamental truths of the Vedânta, the well-known Hymn of S’ankaracharya forms a suitable text upon which the student may meditate and thereby construct the whole doctrine for himself. The reader will also be struck with the catholicity of the teaching, which is not addressed to any particular class of people nor contains any reference to distinctions of caste and religious order. While concisely stating the process by which the oneness of Self and the unreality of all else is established. ~Sastri

Of all the hymns of Śrī Śaṅkara, Śrī Dakṣiṇāmūrti stotra is the shortest, but at the same time, in its philosophical import, subtlety of expression and confidence of assertion, it is one of the most inspired works of the advaita philosopher. On a small canvas, Śaṅkara has, with unerring dexterity, crammed all the arguments of non-dualists against the preachers of dualism. Naturally, the stanzas are loaded with suggestions and to dive into their rich depths, special training is necessary for the students. ~Chinmayananda

The Dakshinamurti Stotram was composed by Adi Shankaracharya approximately 1,300 years ago. Within its ten verses—or shlokas—lies the entirety of Vedantic philosophy, condensed into sublime poetry that continues to illuminate seekers across centuries. Along with these core verses, numerous associated mantras and shlokas, composed by other masters and drawn from various texts, are traditionally chanted alongside the Dakshinamurti Stotram. ~Sarvapriyananda

The Hymn to Dakşiņāmürti has rightly become famous. In a short compass it gives the quintessence of Advaita. It is addressed to God as Guru, by whose grace one receives the teaching of non-duality. How the one reality appears as the many, how even the distinction of the teacher and the taught comes about one cannot explain. But the basic truth of Advaita, which is the Self, of the nature of consciousness, cannot be denied. Whether it is called God, Guru, or Self, it is the same. The realization of this truth is the goal of Advaita. And, Advaita is in opposi-tion to no school of thought or mode of spiritual life. In order to show this, Sankara employs in this Hymn some of the terms peculiar to Kashmir Saivism. ~Mahadevan

In the Indian hymnal literature, the stotras of Śri Sankara occupy a unique place. They are charmingly simple and yet, simply charming. The panegyrical material of the hymns often alternates with the moral principles or spiritual values. However in a few of the rarer pieces, he has introduced masterly condensations of the doctrines of Advaita Vedānta. And, this hymn is a masterpiece among them, combining in itself poetical elegance as well as metaphysical brilliance, a rare achievement indeed. ~Harshananda

This stotra is attributed to Śaṅkara. We don’t know whether it is from Śaṅkara but it is attributed to Śaṅkara. The stotra is very profound. It has all the things that you have to discover in the whole Vedanta śāstra along with bhāṣya. Vedanta śāstra means Upaniṣads, Bhagavadgītā and Brahmasūtras which is an analytical śāstra in the form of sūtras, all the three along with bhāṣya of Śaṅkara. These three are called prasthāna-trayī. ~Dayananda

A crown jewel amongst all of Shankara’s hymns, the hymn to Dakṣiṇāmūrti is in a class by itself. Although it is a short hymn of ten verses only, it is densely packed with the same profound wisdom that Shankara packed into his extensive commentaries on the Prasthānatraya. If we can read and absorb the wisdom contained in these short verses, we would not have to read anything else. Perhaps, that is why Shankara’s prominent disciple, Sri Sureshwarācārya, wrote an elaborate commentary (vartikā) on this hymn, called Mānasollāsam, which translates into “that which rejoices the mind.” ~Yellamraju Srinivasa Rao


Note on Authorship

Of course, the Advaitist's metric works—from erotic, tantric poems to Saivite hymns—do not contain strict philosophical terminology or logical argumentation. That is why the most reliable method of sorting out Sankara's poems from the enormous mass of religious and mystic poetry of the mediaeval period is the evidence from his disciples and followers. And the Vedantins are of the opinion that Sänkara was the author of the poetical cycles Daksinä-murti-stotra (Praise ofthe benevolent Siva), Gurvastakam (Eight poems to the teacher), Bhaja-govinda-stotra (Praise of Krsna-Govinda) and Sivänandalahari (Wave of bliss of Siva). 

Less dependable is Sankara's authorship of other cycles and single poems. However, he is usually considered the author of the cycle Bhavänyastakam (Eight verses to Bhaväni, or divine Mother), of the hymn Annapurna-stotra (Praise to the giver of food), of the cycle Visnu-sat-padl (Six verses for Visnu), the poem Gahgä- stotra (Praise to Ganga river), Devyaparadha-ksamapanastotra (Praise of the Goddess-Mother for the forgiveness of sins), Vedasära-Siva-stotra (Praise of Siva as the essence of Veda), the cycle Siuänämälyastakam (Eight lines in the name of Siva), Siväparädha-ksamäpana-stotra (Praise of Siva for the forgiveness of sins), Kaupina-pancakam (Five verses about the loin-cloth of an ascetic), Dvädaäamanjarikä-stotra (Praise in twelve garlands or stanzas), as well as the author of an often-cited but probably spurious cycle Nirväna-satkam (Six verses on liberation). ~Isayeva


Bibliography of English Translations

Hymn to Dakshinamoorthy by Swami Chinmayananda

Sri Dakshinamurti Stotram: In praise of the teacher of teachers by Swami Dayananda

Dakshinamurti and Manasollasa by John M. Denton

Dakshinamurti by Swami Gurubhaktananda (Sandeepany)

Dakshinamurti Stotra by Swami Harshananda

Hymn to Dakshinamurti (from The Hymns of Sankara) by TMP Mahadevan

The Vibrant Stillness: Commentaries on Sri Lalita Divya Nāma and Sri Dakṣiṇāmūrti Stotram By Sri Yellamraju Srinivasa Rao trans. Padma Neppalli

Dashinamoorthy Stotram by Swami Paramarthananda (unverified transcription)

Reflections on Dakshinamurti Stotram by Swami Sarvapriyananda

Dakshinamurti Stotra by Alladi Mahadeva Sastri